Vocabulary
Alloy steel forging :
One made from a steel containing additional alloying elements other than carbon (e.g., Ni, Cr, Mo) to enhance physical and mechanical properties and/or heat-treat response.
Alloy steel forging :
One made from a steel containing additional alloying elements other than carbon (e.g., Ni, Cr, Mo) to enhance physical and mechanical properties and/or heat-treat response.
Carbon steel :
Steel containing carbon up to about 1.2%, and only residual amounts of other elements except for those added for composition control, with silicon usually limited to 0.60 % and manganese to 1.65%
Closed die forging :
The shaping of hot metal completely within the walls or cavities of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides.
Counterblow forging :
One made by equipment incorporating two opposed rams, which simultaneously strike repeated blows on the workpiece.
Dies (die blocks) :
The metal blocks into which forging impressions are machined and from which forgings are produced.
Disc (disk) :
"Pancake" shaped forging (flat with a round cross-section); e.g., a blank for gears, rings and flanged hubs.
Drop forging :
A forging made in closed or impression dies under a drop or steam hammer.
Finish allowance :
The amount of stock left on the surface of the forging to be removed by subsequent machining. Also called "machining allowance" or "forging envelope."
Flange :
A projecting rim or edge of a part
Flash :
Metal in excess of that required to fill completely the blocking or finishing forging impression of a set of dies.
Forging :
The process of working metal to a desired shape by impact or pressure in hammers, forging machines (upsetters), presses, rolls, and related forming equipment.
Forging reduction :
Ratio of the cross-sectional areas before and after forging
Hammer :
A machine that applies a sharp blow to the work area through the fall of a ram onto an anvil.
Hammer forging :
The mechanical forming of metal by means of a hammer.
Heat treatment :
A sequence of controlled heating and cooling operations applied to a solid metal to impart desired properties.
Hot forging :
Same as hot working - plastically deforming an alloy at a temperature above its recrystallization point.
Hydraulic press :
A forging press with a hydraulically operated ram.
Induction heating :
Heating metals by means of an alternating magnetic field.
Ingot :
A casting intended for subsequent rolling, forging, or extrusion.
Insert die :
A relatively small die containing part or all of the impression of a forging, and which isfitted to the master die block by means of a key.
Manipulator :
A mechanical device for handling an ingot or a billet during forging.
Mechanical press :
A forging press with an inertia flywheel, a crank and clutch, or other mechanical device to operate the ram.
Nonferrous :
Metals or alloys that contain no appreciable quantity of iron; applied to such metals as aluminum, copper, magnesium, and their alloys.
Open die forging :
Forging produced by working between flat or simply contoured dies with unrestricted metal flow using repetitive strokes and continuous manipulation of the workpiece
Precision forging:
A forging produced to closer tolerances than normally considered standard by the industry.
Press :
A machine tool with a stationary bed and a slide or ram that has reciprocating motion at right angles to the bed surface
Shot blasting :
A process of cleaning forgings by propelling metal shot at high velocity by air pressure or centrifugal force at the surface of the forgings
Stainless steels :
Steels that are corrosion and heat resistant and contain a minimum of 10% to 12% chromium.
Stamp (marking) :
An operation performed to identify the particular forgings as specified or requested by the customer.
Tolerance :
The permissible deviation from a specification for any design characteristic.
Trim :
The removal of the excess metal or flash produced during the forging process.
Trimming press :
A power press suitable for trimming flash from forgings.
Upset forging :
(1) A forging made by upsetting an appropriate length of bar, billet or bloom. (2)
