One made from a steel containing additional alloying elements other than carbon (e.g., Ni, Cr, Mo) to enhance physical and mechanical properties and/or heat-treat response.

One made from a steel containing additional alloying elements other than carbon (e.g., Ni, Cr, Mo) to enhance physical and mechanical properties and/or heat-treat response.

Steel containing carbon up to about 1.2%, and only residual amounts of other elements except for those added for composition control, with silicon usually limited to 0.60 % and manganese to 1.65%

The shaping of hot metal completely within the walls or cavities of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides.

One made by equipment incorporating two opposed rams, which simultaneously strike repeated blows on the workpiece.

The metal blocks into which forging impressions are machined and from which forgings are produced.

"Pancake" shaped forging (flat with a round cross-section); e.g., a blank for gears, rings and flanged hubs.

A forging made in closed or impression dies under a drop or steam hammer.

The amount of stock left on the surface of the forging to be removed by subsequent machining. Also called "machining allowance" or "forging envelope."

A projecting rim or edge of a part

Metal in excess of that required to fill completely the blocking or finishing forging impression of a set of dies.

The process of working metal to a desired shape by impact or pressure in hammers, forging machines (upsetters), presses, rolls, and related forming equipment.

Ratio of the cross-sectional areas before and after forging

A machine that applies a sharp blow to the work area through the fall of a ram onto an anvil.

The mechanical forming of metal by means of a hammer.

A sequence of controlled heating and cooling operations applied to a solid metal to impart desired properties.

Same as hot working - plastically deforming an alloy at a temperature above its recrystallization point.

A forging press with a hydraulically operated ram.

Heating metals by means of an alternating magnetic field.

A casting intended for subsequent rolling, forging, or extrusion.

A relatively small die containing part or all of the impression of a forging, and which isfitted to the master die block by means of a key.

A mechanical device for handling an ingot or a billet during forging.

A forging press with an inertia flywheel, a crank and clutch, or other mechanical device to operate the ram.

Metals or alloys that contain no appreciable quantity of iron; applied to such metals as aluminum, copper, magnesium, and their alloys.

Forging produced by working between flat or simply contoured dies with unrestricted metal flow using repetitive strokes and continuous manipulation of the workpiece

A forging produced to closer tolerances than normally considered standard by the industry.

A machine tool with a stationary bed and a slide or ram that has reciprocating motion at right angles to the bed surface

A process of cleaning forgings by propelling metal shot at high velocity by air pressure or centrifugal force at the surface of the forgings

Steels that are corrosion and heat resistant and contain a minimum of 10% to 12% chromium.

An operation performed to identify the particular forgings as specified or requested by the customer.

The permissible deviation from a specification for any design characteristic.

The removal of the excess metal or flash produced during the forging process.

A power press suitable for trimming flash from forgings.

(1) A forging made by upsetting an appropriate length of bar, billet or bloom. (2)